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History of Fireplace Tools
Sep 2nd
History of Fireplace Tools
Many different fireplace tools are used when it comes to building and maintaining fires in home fireplaces and each one of these tools has a different story to be told as to how they came to appear on your fireplace hearth. This history will deal with the andiron, bellows, pokers and fireplace screens. Also included with fireplace tools are shovels, tongs, brushes but it is rather hard to determine how and when these particular tools began to be used.
To begin our discussion let’s start with the definition of tool. This is a device that provides a mechanical advantage in accomplishing a physical task. Archeology has determined that man was using various tools from the beginning of our existence. A tool can be as simple as a stick used to poke at something to reach and move it.
Fireplace Poker
With that in mind let us start our exploration of the history of fireplace tools with the poker. A poker, also known as a stoker, is a short, rigid rod, used to move the burning material in a fire. Today’s fireplace pokers are usually made of metal with a point at one end for pushing burning material and a handle at the other end. Archeology shows that we have used pokers as a fireplace tool since the Paleolithic period. This period is the prehistoric era noted for the development of the first stone tools. It covers the period from 2.5 or 2.6 million years ago until around 10,000 BC with the introduction of agriculture. It represents the greatest portion of human time on Earth (about 99% of human history). Archeologist think that fireplace pokers were invented right after the discovery of fire (790,000 years ago) and the earliest pokers were most likely of the same material as the fuel for the fire – that is wood. At the beginning the fireplace poker, or “firestick” was probably a large branch of some type used to help keep the fire going.
Down through the ages this fireplace tool has evolved and, as other tools were used, the fireplace poker has gone in and out of favor. Up to the 17th century in England you might find only a fire fork and andirons for the fireplace but by the 19th century a fireplace poker was always used and the fire fork had almost disappeared.
The first successful mass production of pokers as a part of an entire fireplace set was designed and manufactured in Cape Girardeau, Missouri by the RL Hendrickson Manufacturing Corporation in 1898. From that time until now the poker is almost always considered a part of the assemble of fireplace tools.
“By fire-irons…the housekeeper and the ironmonger understand a fire-shovel, poker and pair of tongs. These implements were not all of them found upon the ancient hearths of this country; nor were they all necessary when wood was burned upon a fire-place…The use of pit coal, and of close fire-places, let to the adoption of the poker now in universal requisition.” Robert Hunt, A Treatise on the Progressive Improvement and Present State of the Manufactures in Metal, 1853.
Fireplace Andirons
An andiron is a horizontal bar upon which logs are laid for burning in an open fireplace. Andirons usually come in pairs. They hold up the firewood so that a draft of air can pass around it and allow proper burning and less smoke. Andirons stand on short legs and are usually connected with an upright guard.
As man began to study fire and its properties in earnest it was discovered that allowing the circulation of air around the fire led to better fires. Because of this discovery andirons became more and more popular. In the 16th to 18th century AD they were also used as a rest for a roasting spit or to hold porridge.
Before the 14th century andirons were almost always forged from wrought iron and were very plain. During the period of the Italian Renaissance (14th to 17th centuries AD) many ordinary objects of the household came to the attention of artists and design and skill were used to product andirons. The andiron reached its most artistic development under Louis XIV of France (late 1600s). The guard (the upright portion of the andiron) was elaborately ornamented. Patterns consisted of heraldic symbols, sphinxes, grotesque animals, mythological creatures and much more.
Sometimes andirons were referred to by the creature they portrayed. One example of this that continues to this day is firedog. Andirons that portrayed dogs were called firedogs. This plays on the dual meaning of the word dog (canine and inanimate holder). In some areas firedog began to be used to refer to any andiron. In the United States andiron was once used only in the North and dog iron, firedog or just dog was used to identify andirons in the South. The Southern term is still used in that region but andiron is now used everywhere.
“Fire-lighting, however simple, is an operation requiring some skill; a fire is readily made by laying a few cinders at the bottom in open order; over this a few pieces of paper, and over that again eight or ten pieces of dry wood; over the wood, a course of moderate-sized pieces of coal, taking care to leave hollow spaces between for air at the centre; and taking care to lay the whole well back in the grate, so that the smoke may go up the chimney, and not into the room. This done, fire the paper with a match from below, and, if properly laid, it will soon burn up; the stream of flame from the wood and paper soon communicating to the coals and cinders, provided there is plenty of air at the centre.” Isabella Beeton, Book of Household Management, 1861.
Fireplace Bellows
The bellow is a mechanical device for creating a jet of air. It usually consists of a hinged box with flexible sides, which expands to draw air in through an inward opening value and contracts to expel the air through a nozzle.
The bellow was used extensively in medieval Europe (5th to 16th century). It was used to speed combustion for a blacksmith and later to operate pipe organs. One of the simplest and most familiar types of bellows is the manual one used with fireplaces. The expandable chamber consists of a leather bag with pleated sides. The bag is fixed between handles to expand and contract. The inlet and outlet vents are provided with values so that air must enter through the first and leave through the second. Thus the fireplace bellows becomes a simple air pump.
When we think of fireplaces we usually think of these simple bellows. But bellows have had a major role in history. Metal smelting was not possible until after the invention of the bellows which made the fore possible. Bellows deliver additional air to fuel and raise the rate of heat output which is needed for smelting. Around 3000 BC hand operated bellows were used for metal smelting (bronze). The first evidence of iron smelting is around 930 BC.
Though early man did not need to get their heating and cooking fires up to the temperatures needed for smelting they did discover that fireplace bellows made fire building easier. Stoking kindling with a bellow produces a hotter flame and logs start much quicker. This is especially important when you are working with wet logs. Also, fireplace bellows were used early on to create an airstream to blow ashes out of the fireplace when cleaning.
Today fireplace bellows are still a necessary tool on the fireplace hearth. It is also a tool that many people like to design and make on their own. Many bellows are made out of beautiful wood and can have very intricate designs creating an elegant object on display by the fire.
Fireplace Screens
Though there is no exact date for when fireplace screens came into use we do know that they were first a form of furniture that shielded individuals from any excess heat that was coming from a log burning fireplace. Early fireplace screens usually were shaped as flat panels standing on attached feet, or as adjustable shield-shaped panels mounted on tripod table legs.
Today’s fireplace screens come in many decorative designs and are made out of metal, glass or wire mesh and are placed in front of the fireplace to protect the room from flying embers that may come from the fire. Sometimes they are used to cover the fireplace when not in use to make the area more decorative.
Whatever fireplace tool you use to help you build and maintain your fire, know that there is a long history behind each one of those fireplace tools and centuries of use has gone into perfecting the tool in your hand. And remember that in modern society fire has evolved from providing necessary heat and cooking to a symbol of warmth and love shared by all that gather are the fireplace hearth
Terri Young has a BA in History from the University of Washington. She is co-owner of a fireplace tools website.
Fireplace Tools at ToolsForFireplaces.com
Fireplace Tools, Fireplace Screens, Fireplace Accessories
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Maximising Space in Your Rent Flat
Sep 1st
Maximising Space in Your Rent Flat
Just because the only property to rent that you could afford was a small flat doesn’t mean that you have to feel crowded into your new home. Sleek styles of furniture, multitasking furniture and carefully chosen colours can make a small space feel like a palace. By following a few simple guidelines you can make your small space a very functional one.
The style of furniture you choose will play a big role in how spacious your rent flat will feel. You want to choose furniture that will make your space as functional as possible; this will give your small space a big feel. When you live in a small space you must remember, less is more. Large pieces will overpower the space while sleek useful pieces will add charm to the room. If you choose a sofa that is too big for the area it will make the room feel small and crowded while a smaller sofa will add space to your room. You may also want to try a small breakfast table instead of a large dining table.
One of the easiest ways to save space it to choose furniture that has more than one function. Using a small dresser as a bedside table is a great example this will eliminates the need for an entire piece of furniture. Another great useful piece is a coffee table with drawers underneath, the space under the coffee table is often wasted. And in a small rent al flat there is no room for waste. For very small efficiency flats a futon is a great way to save space. A futon can take the place of both your bed and couch. If a futon is not for you a loft bed will add a great deal of storage or can be placed right over the couch or dresser. Create more storage by using a chest or decorative box as a side table. Get creative and you will find that most of your furniture can have multiple uses.
Colour is an easy way to add the illusion of space. If you are allowed to paint your rent flat you should do so. If your contract prevents you from painting hang a tapestry on the wall, this is a great way to add some colour. When choosing a colour, choose a soft hue.
If you love dark colours uses them with your accessories but avoid putting them on the walls. Dark colours will make the room feel even smaller. If you enjoy patterns on the wall pick a wallpaper with a simple design and using vertical stripe will create the appearance of high ceilings.
When you are searching for flats to rent it is important to look at the potential of the space and not the size. By following these guidelines and adding bit of your own style you can make even the smallest rent flat work for you. It is all about using your space to its full potential.
Alex Paterson a leading Internet Marketer with his years of experience in real estate is giving you an opportunity to discover the easy way to save time finding the property you want. Property to let can offer everything you need to get the best deal available.
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Second Hand Catering Equipment is Best for Small Businesses
Aug 31st
Second Hand Catering Equipment is Best for Small Businesses
Catering equipments
The food industry is rising at a fast pace in the contemporary times. The various trends and etiquettes that are coming up make it necessary that the food industry also rises up in the standards so as to come within shoulders with the other contemporary fields and industries. Catering equipment is one the ways by which the food industry can excel in business and can reach immense heights. Catering equipment are basically those equipments which help in serving and delivering the food items in a very elegant and better way.
There are various kinds of catering equipment that cater to the needs of different branches of food industry and include cooking equipments, utensils, cutlery, bowls, spoons, knives, ovens, microwaves and tableware. These catering equipments are not limited to just those people who move from one place to another and deliver food but also by people who organize various events. In fact, these are also used widely by restaurateurs, local authorities, hospitals along with domestic catering service providers.
Second hand catering equipment
The catering equipment is fundamentally used by the businesses in food industry to boost their sales by showcasing effective serving capabilities and delivery manners. These equipments are manufactured all over the world as they are needed by many businesses and various event organizing firms. Many of the businesses these days are also availing second hand catering equipment over fresh and brand new catering equipment. It is usually the businesses that have low capital to invest or which cannot afford to spend much on these catering solutions, who prefer the second hand catering equipment. As it comes very cheap and at very affordable prices, these small scale businesses can also utilize them to promote their business and have a sales increase in their services provided. These second hand catering equipment are also very easily available in the market. They can be conveniently availed online as well that also saves a lot of time, energy and money.
Availing second hand catering equipment online
There are many websites that avail you with a wide variety of second hand catering equipment. Apart from saving money, time and energy, there are plenty of other benefits of availing these items online. Some of those benefits are:
Ø The online service providers of the catering equipment have all the categories listed out so that you can easily browse through all the options that are available to you. It saves a lot of your time and thus you can decide on the final items you want without any hurry or stress.
Ø You can avail massive discounts when you purchase second hand catering equipment online. In fact, various lucrative offers can also be availed from time to time.
Ø You can easily access these websites any time of the day as they are available all the 24 hours.
Ø When you shop online you get absolute guarantee and a good warranty period with the catering equipment concerned. So, you simply need to find the catering equipment you want the service provider and avail the facilities while sitting at home.
So, avail second hand catering equipment now and provide a boost to your business.
Caterequipment is the author of this article on Catering Equipment. Find more information relating to Beverage Machines , and Servery Counters here.
A Guide to Spiral Staircases
Aug 30th
A Guide to Spiral Staircases
Spiral Stairs are staircases that are constructed solely of tapered treads wrapping around a central column. As they twist round in a tight curve they offer a very space-saving solution when accessing a different floor, taking up considerably less floor space than a conventional staircase.
In medieval times, spiral staircases were commonly located in circular castle turrets and were often constructed in stone. They were configured in a clockwise assent to give attacking right handed swordsmen a disadvantage whilst ascending.
These days spiral staircase designs have developed dramatically and whilst maintaining their space saving benefits, are manufactured in a variety of materials such as glass and stainless steel. They now offer the right property a stunning alternative to a standard staircase, becoming a stylish ‘feature’ of a room.
Due to their tight construction they are not overly easy for the elderly or disabled to use and moving large pieces of furniture between floors can prove tricky. For safety reasons there are currently various rules and regulations governing the size of spirals staircases installed in new builds and renovations in residential and commercial settings.
UK Building Regulations
Spiral staircases have their own ‘British Standard’ dedicated to them – BS 5395 part 2. The BS is referred to in Building Regulations part K and ensures the spiral staircase is large enough for the given application.
Within the document, spirals are divided into five categories, A-E with A being a secondary domestic spiral and E being a large fully public spiral. Each category dictates the relationship between the rise (height of each step) and going (depth of each step) and ‘clear tread width’ (the distance from the inside of the handrail to the centre column) required for the spirals’ usage. Generally, the more people the spiral is providing access to, the larger diameter and the smaller the rise height, making it safer and more comfortable to climb.
Domestic Spiral Staircases
With domestic spirals there are two generally rules to adhere with – there should be no gap between the treads or the balustrade of more than 100mm, and the balustrade should not be constructed with climbable rails.
Category A and B of BS 5395 deal with the measurement requirements for domestic spiral staircases. Category A is referred to as a secondary domestic spiral and category B covers spirals used as main stairs within a dwelling.
The clear tread width of a secondary spiral should be 600mm which (depending on the specific model / design) gives a 1450mm diameter when taking into consideration the centre column and the balustrade to both sides. The height of each step should not exceed 220mm and the centre going should be at least 145mm. A spiral used as a main staircase should have a clear tread width of 800mm (1800mm diameter) and 220mm maximum rise and a 190mm minimum central going. Generally the opening in the floor for a spiral should be around 100mm larger than the diameter whether the opening is square / rectangular or circular. For example a 1600mm diameter spiral should have a 1700mm square or diameter opening. This is to allow for a 50mm ‘knuckle gap’ between the handrail and edge of floor / wall on both sides. The top step of a spiral staircase is normally an enlarged step which connects the centre column to the edge of the floor. This top landing platform can sometimes be shaped to allow for slightly smaller openings.
Commercial Spiral Staircases
Categories C-E of BS5395 covers the required dimensions for commercial staircases – those to be used by the public. The guidance ensures that people unfamiliar with the spiral can use it safely. With all commercial spirals staircases there is a requirement of a centre column handrail and a ‘rest’ platform if the flight consists of more than 16 risers.
Category C is for a small semi-public stair and has to have a rise height of no more than 220mm and a clear tread width of 800mm. The diameter of this (with the centre column handrail in place) is therefore around 1900-2000mm. Category D is for a semi public stair serving more than 50 people. The regulation looks for a minimum rises of 190mm and a clear tread with of 900mm (2100mm diameter).
Category E deals with spirals intended to be used by large number of people at one time – shopping centre or football stadium for instance. A 1000mm clear tread width is required along with a 190mm maximum rise and 250mm minimum going measurement.
The guidelines covered by BS5395 are subject to interpretation by planning offices and are not always set in stone. A relaxant is sometimes offered when, for example, one is replacing an existing spiral.
OVERVIEW
Spiral Staircases offer the right property a stunning solution when accessing an upper level. There are a vast number of different models currently on the UK market with many off-the-shelf kit solutions imported from Europe. Should you be looking to install / purchase a spiral, it is important to check with the supplier that is up to UK standards. If in doubt, check with your building control officer.
Derek Rogers is a freelance writer who writes for a number of UK businesses. For information and advice on Spiral Staircases, he recommends Complete Stair Systems.
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Is It Possible To Find A Reliable Personal Injury Solicitor?
Aug 29th
Is It Possible To Find A Reliable Personal Injury Solicitor?
The reputation of personal injury solicitors has once more been blighted by the recent case of the two solicitors who managed to make £30.2m from sick miners. With the firm’s partners being struck off by the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal, it is inevitable that the reputation of their profession will suffer.
The solicitors firm in question handled 10,000 miners’ claims under a government compensation scheme for sick miners. However, the pair were found to be charging conditional fees on top of those provided from the scheme, resulting in grostesque profits which earned one of the solicitor’s the title of Britain’s richest lawyer in 2008.
The two solicitors successfully exploited thousands of miners, the government’s scheme and a legal system which honors legitimate compensation claims, all for personal gain. The damage done to the reputation of personal injury solicitors by these two will be only further compounded by a Solicitors’ Regulation Authority investigation (SRA) into 40 other law firms who handled miners’ claims.
However, the disciplinary actions of the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal gives a clear message to personal injury solicitors or individuals tempted to exploit the justice system’s allowance for compensation claims. The strong judgement of the tribunal, which found the pair guilty of eight out of the 11 allegations lobbied against them, suggests a zero tolerance stance towards those tempted to dishonestly profit from the misfortunes of others.
The readiness of the tribunal to exclude the two solicitors from their profession, alongside the other solicitors who corruptly profited from the miners’ compensation claims, demonstrates active regulation of the legal practise which should go someway towards restoring faith. Individuals wishing to make a compensation claim should not need to worry about the honesty of their legal representative; it should come as standard.
However, cases such as that of these two partners does little to instil confidence, and the actions of the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal come far too late to be of real comfort to the miners who were subject to the malpractises of the pair.
Nonetheless, the Solicitors’ Disciplinary Tribunal has demonstrated that dishonesty in their profession will not be tolerated. And despite the negative press, it is still possible to find an honest personal injury solicitor to handle compensation claims. While the case involving the two solictors highlights that corruption still plagues the personal injury claims field, there remains a large quantity of personal injury solicitors who serve a valuable role.
Andrew Regan writes for a digital marketing agency. This article has been commissioned by a client of said agency. This article is not designed to promote, but should be considered professional content.
Do You Need Cheap Calls to Bangladesh?
Aug 28th
Do You Need Cheap Calls to Bangladesh?
Have you ever wondered if there was a way to make cheap calls to Bangladesh or other places and whether you needed this service or not? Wonder no more. There is, indeed, a way to make international long distance calls at a fraction of the cost charged by traditional telephone companies via land lines. Anyone who does business globally, or has family in various locations around the world, will want to pay close attention to the available options.
How it Works
Making cheap calls to Bangladesh and other countries is quite simple. There are many companies that now offer a service for placing calls either via a dialled access number or via the internet with Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
With the first option, you simply register your phone number, from either a traditional land line phone or a cell phone, and then dial an access number in order to receive your discounted rates. With the second option, you use your computer with appropriate software to route telephone calls over the internet. This can be accomplished either via communicating directly on your PC, or with a telephone you attach to your CPU with a small piece of hardware.
Who Needs Cheap Global Calling Options
Are you someone who might benefit from such a calling service? Consider the types of customers who are currently enjoying deeply discounted rates on telephone calls around the world.
Students who are studying internationally will surely want to keep in frequent contact with friends and family back home. Whether it’s asking mum and dad for more money to pay expenses or staying in touch with a boyfriend or girlfriend until their return, students will be able to call home as often as they wish.
Business owners who are wishing to expand their operations will really love cheap call service, especially if it includes the ability to gain additional phone numbers that are local to their specific countries. This is a great way to save a lot of money on bills whilst growing a customer base around the world.
Overseas workers are another type of customer who enjoys an account with a company offering cheap international phone rates. When you are going to be away from home for any length of time, it is always a comfort to know that you can simply pick up the phone – or dial via the computer – and reach your loved ones quickly and cheaply. Avoid being homesick whilst you are away from familiar surroundings.
No matter your specific circumstances, if you have need to make cheap calls to Bangladesh or nearly any other country in the world, consider contracting with a company that offers these services at a fantastically low rate. VoIP or access calling allows you to stay in touch and quit worrying about the cost.
Visit Simplecall to find out more about cheap calls to Bangladesh
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A Great Spa Day is Nice if
Aug 27th
A Great Spa Day is Nice if
How much you love to pamper yourself!
How far would you run to find that amused gaze in those intruding, shameless eyes of common pedestrians!
How much would you like to find a mirror that envies your look and class!
We all have some duties to perform. But when those duties restrict you to indulge upon your own mortal self, take it for sure that the evening is creeping in. And when the evening is creeping in, the dark old night is not too far.
There is always some time to pamper your body and refresh your soul. These days visiting a spa is as common as working out in a gymnasium. Those who can spend a little bit more do visit spas and health farms regularly not simply to get that look. They do this to re-awaken themselves, to prepare their body and soul to move under the sun and stars with more elegance and grace and with reenergized souls. It is not uncommon to find your neighbour making their own spas at home.
Making a spa at home is a good idea to save some money but it is not always possible for every private spa owner to arrange for all the luxuries, equipments, expert hands and other unique services of a great hotel spa. This is reason enough why a lot of personal spa owners prefer to go to good hotel spas regularly; personal spas are left dry and alone to use in times of urgency.
Some tips before you launch yourself into some stylish hotel spas to enjoy a great spa day:
Know about the spa in detail if this is first time you are visiting that spa. Do all necessary queries to know what they are providing within the package. Some spa day programs may include full access and utilization of hotel gymnasium, pool, hot tub, sauna, steam room relaxation area, tennis courts and others; whereas some programs might restrict you to some of the facilities. Thus it is always better to know beforehand what you can expect on that day.
Get clear ideas on what are the things you need to carry with yourself and what they are going to provide you. Some hotels may offer you complimentary toiletries, towels, swimming costume, gym kit, robe and slippers; whereas in some cases you might need to arrange them for yourself, or carry your personal staff. However it is always better to carry your own hair brush, towels, swimming costume and things like that for health factors.
Reach the hotel at least 10 minutes prior to the check-in time so that you can relax for a while and prepare yourself for a beautiful day ahead.
Some packages also offer you customization facilities so that you can be more creative and choosy in your selection. Sometimes it saves a lot of money and unnecessary activities.
What else! Make sure that the locker room facilities are decent or good enough to keep your things safe.
Enjoy a great spa day.
Stephanie Brown loves to call herself a Spa addict. For more information on best health farms or hotel spas and spa days in UK, she recommends you to visit http://www.spalinks.com
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Aquarium Water Conditioners; Amquel, Novaqua, Start Right, Ammo Lock, Stress Coat and More
Aug 27th
Aquarium Water Conditioners; Amquel, Novaqua, Start Right, Ammo Lock, Stress Coat and More
AQUARIUM WATER CONDITIONERS; their ingredients (where available), what chemical functions they perform and uses based on my opinions of each based on using these products in a professional capacity (27 years of aquarium maintenance and research)
STRESS COAT;
Stress Coat contains a special non-toxic polymer that is attracted to the skin of the fish forming a synthetic slime coat envelope. Stress Coat also contains sodium thiosulfate electrolytes such as sodium and sulfides which helps reduce loss of electrolytes through the skin, gills, and damaged tissue. The Aloe Vera in STRESS COAT reduces inflammation of damaged fish tissue.
The effectiveness of Stress Coat with Aloe Vera has been proven by independent studies conducted at the University of Georgia, School of Veterinary Medicine. Researchers found that Stress Coat helped heal wounds and speed tissue re-growth. Dr John Gratzek summarizes the results: “Personally, I am satisfied with the results since my initial thoughts were skeptical to say the least. These definite statements can be made without equivocation: Stress Coat in no way harms aquarium fish, alters pH, or affects the biological filter. No ammonia or nitrite was detected in the test aquariums. The results indicated that the Stress Coat formula reduced the wound size compared to untreated fish tissue.” Aloe Vera is high in mucopolysaccharides, an essential component of many tissues and believed to help in the healing process.
USE; An effective water conditioner for the removal of chlorine, breaking of the chlorine/ ammonia bond (in water containing chloramines) and adding an aloe slime coat.
This is my favorite slime coat treatment for direct application to a fish that is wounded from transport or other reasons. I however have found it less effective for overall slime coat generation after a water change.
Ingredients are safe for both fresh and saltwater.
AMMO-LOCK;
Ammo-lock contains sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate. Ammo-lock works in both fresh and saltwater, to detoxify ammonia and remove chlorine and chloramines. Locks up ammonia in a non-toxic form (ammonium) until it can be broken down by the tank’s natural biological filter and/or used by plants.
USE: For the removal of chorine and chloramines. This product is useful for the detoxification of ammonia, especially in new aquariums. I usually only use this product when the aquarium is new, ammonia (NH3) is high (please note, most ammonia test kits will still show ammonia present in the form of NH4 after using this product) or in areas where chloramines are used.
Ingredients are safe for both fresh and saltwater.
START RIGHT;
Start Right contains allantoin (5-Ureidohydantion; Glyoxldiureide 2, 5 – Dioxo – 4 imidzolidinyle – urea) which is used in humans for the treatment of : skin ulcers, wound, scalds, burns and sunburns, carbuncles, acne and skin eruptions, fissures and abrasions, impetigo, eczema, psoriasis. This is a naturally occurring chemical even found in earthworms.
Start Right is a multi-beneficial water conditioner that removes chlorine and chloramine, neutralizes heavy metals, aids in cell regeneration and in the additional production of the fish’s natural slime coat, adds beneficial. It also contains chlorides of sodium and potassium, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
which helps reduce loss of electrolytes through the skin, gills, and damaged tissue. It is a complete water conditioner that stimulates the natural secretion of slime to protect fish from the harmful effects of handling, shipping, fish fighting and other forms of stress. Removes chlorine and chloramine instantly, neutralizes heavy metals, adds beneficial electrolytes and guards against secondary infection.
USE:
For the removal of chlorine, breaking of the chlorine/ ammonia bond (in water containing chloramines), adding of electrolytes for stress, and the natural generation a slime coat.
This is probably my favorite basic overall water conditioner for established aquariums (I use this the most), Start Right will not remove ammonia or interfere with plant growth by removing nitrogenous compounds needed by plants. This product is also very economical.
Ingredients are safe for both fresh and saltwater.
SEACHEM PRIME;
Prime contains complexed hydrosulfite salts which removes chlorine, chloramine and ammonia. Prime also converts ammonia into a safe, non-toxic form (ammonium) that is readily removed by the tank’s nitrifying bacteria. Prime may be used during tank cycling to alleviate ammonia/nitrite toxicity. Prime detoxifies nitrite and nitrate, allowing nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria to more efficiently remove them. It will also detoxify any heavy metals found in the tap water at typical concentration levels. The ingredients of Prime also promotes the production and regeneration of the natural slime coat and are non-acidic and will not impact pH.
USE:
For removal of chlorine, chloramines, and the de-toxifying of ammonia, nitrites and nitrates. This product adds electrolytes that aid in natural slime coat generation and proper osmotic function. This is my favorite conditioner to use in newer aquariums, aquariums with high ammonia or for use in areas where chloramines are in tap water. One reason I like this product is that is does what it claims!
Ingredients are safe for both fresh and saltwater.
NOVAQUA;
The formula of NovAqua is proprietary, so not all ingredients are available. It is assumed that Novaqua contains sodium thiosulfate (a common Redox Reducer) and Edetates. Novaqua also contains phosphates for buffering to stabilize water after water changes (often when water is added from the tap it immediately picks up O2 and CO2 and is unstable in pH, this aspect of Novaqua helps here). The phosphate buffer system of Novaqua produces a 5 mg/L of phosphates in the aquarium as compared to the 30 mg/L shown in labs tests to grow algae. NovAqua also contains electrolytes; cations (Positively charged atoms or molecules) and anions (negatively charged atoms or molecules) that are required by freshwater fishes. Freshwater fishes remove these ions from water via the gills. The need by fish for these ions is increased during times of stress.
USE:
The original conditioner that adds a slime coat, adds electrolytes buffers water, and removes chlorines. NovAqua is useful for use water changes where buffering is needed do to pH drops after water changes. The level of phosphates used for buffering are not usually a problem for most aquariums, however if you already have high phosphates or algae problems I would avoid this product. Otherwise this is an excellent product when one desires a conditioner that adds a slime coat and buffers a well.
Ingredients are safe for both fresh and saltwater.
AMQUEL;
The active ingredient in Amquel is hydroxymethanesulfonic acid, sodium and salt. Amquel converts ammonia to a non-toxic form (ammonium) until it can be broken down by the tank’s natural biological filter and/or used by plants. Amquel works by virtue of the hydroxymethane- end of the molecule reacts with ammonia to form a non-toxic, stable water-soluble substance which is acted upon by the bacteria in biological filtration.
This reaction effectively removes the toxic ammonia from solution. Even in water of low pH (under 7.0) the above reaction proceeds to completion. This is because even at pHs below 7.0 there is always some “free” ammonia (NH3) and the AmQuel will scavenge it from the water. This is why AmQuel works faster at higher pH’s and in saline waters.
USE: One of the first products for chloramine and ammonia removal. It is very effective in binding the ammonia (NH3) where that it stays non toxic even when nitrifying bacteria are not fully active. Although safe for saltwater, I have seen this product lower pH (although use with Novaqua counters this), for this reason it is not my first choice in this type of conditioner (Prime is my favorite as stated earlier).
Ingredients are safe for both fresh and saltwater (when not over used).
AMQUEL +;
Since this is a new product, the ingredients are proprietary and not yet disclosed.
AmQuel+ (also known as AmQuel Plus) is a recent chemical invention that has the ability to make the “Nitrogen Cycle” (involving ammonium/ammonia/nitrites/nitrates) totally nontoxic in aquarium and pond keeping, without interfering with its process in any way, and without interfering with the beneficial bacteria that are involved with the cycle. Further, AmQuel+ detoxifies/removes all of the toxic nitrogen compounds that can appear in aquarium and pond water over time.
USE: A new product without a lot of practical experience (including by me). The claims by Kordon sound very promising, and this may turn out to be an excellent product for new aquariums in particular, although use in established aquariums seems unnecessary.
Ingredients are safe for both fresh and saltwater.
NOVAQUA +;
Novaqua + is a new product and again has proprietary ingredients that the company will not totally divulge. NovAqua+ claims to provide, in a single product, everything necessary to handle all of the needs when treating tap water for aquatic life (except for handling nitrogen compound removal such as ammonia, nitrites, nitrates). For the removal of toxic nitrogen compounds, Kordon recommends the use of AmQuel+
USE: Again a new product without a lot of practical experience (including by me). If this product lives up to claims such as aiding in osmotic function as well as chlorine removal and heavy metal removal, this may be a very useful product as well. Due to claims of iodine removal, I would not recommend use in marine reef tanks (as many soft corals need iodine)
Ingredients are safe for freshwater.
CONCLUSION;
This is an incomplete list that I will add to in the full article (listed below)as time goes on and I will also update as new products and information becomes available (especially in relation to Kordons new Amquel + and NovAqua +)
Also it should be noted that most water conditioners of all types (basic, artificial slime coat replacer, and chloramine/ ammonia remover) have similar properties and ingredients and some of the outrageous claims I have read on the internet such as “Start Right is not safe for marine aquariums while Novaqua is” are without any scientific merit (if anything the phosphates in Novaqua can cause more problems than any ingredient in Start Right!
It is also important to note that without adequate filtration and circulation, water conditioners cannot work as well or solve these problems such as lack of oxygen. A good air pump such as the Million Air line of aquarium pumps or a good basic filter such as the Via Aqua VitaLife Power Filter are important as well.
For the full articles (with pictures and that is expanding), please follow this link:
Aquarium Water Conditioners
By Carl Strohmeyer
Cheap Spectacles – How To Buy Cheap Glasses
Aug 26th
Cheap Spectacles – How To Buy Cheap Glasses
If you are like most people, you are looking for ways that you can save money all of the time, including with your eyewear. One way that you can do this is to look for cheap glasses that you can purchase online. Whether you are looking for reading glasses or any other type of prescription glasses, you can get them for less when you shop at an online website that specializes in providing their customers with cheap spectacles.
Why should you spend more at the eye care facility when you can get the same thing delivered right to your door for a lot less money? Not only will you save money when you purchase cheap spectacles online, but you will also find that you have a broader selection. You can even choose designer glasses for less when you shop in this manner.
More and more people are figuring out that they have options when it comes to getting prescriptions filled, including those for eyewear. Cheap glasses can end up saving you money when you buy them online, naturally, but the good news is that they do not have to look cheap. Because there is no overhead, no sales staff to pay and you are not roped into making a selection for frames that are marked up considerably as they are at the eye care center, you can get a good deal by purchasing cheap spectacles online.
Some of the cheap glasses that you will see online will look very much like those that you see on your favorite celebrities. They mirror the designer glasses that are so popular. You do not have to pay the designer prices, however, when you purchase cheap spectacles. But you can get the same look.
Try on several pairs of frames before you make your decision as to what you want to buy for your eyewear. Your eyewear is an extension of yourself and can make or break your appearance. Choose glasses that will flatter your features and also your face shape. There are many different frame choices on the market. You can choose from something distinctive or something that you have admired on others. There are many choices out there when it comes to buying cheap spectacles.
Why spend more money than you have to purchasing glasses at the eye care center when you can basically get the same thing for less by going online? You can have the glasses sent directly to you and be able to afford better quality glasses for less in this way. If you are just looking for cheap glasses, such as a pair of inexpensive reading glasses, you can also purchase them in this way. You do not have to purchase your spectacles at the place where you get your eyes examined and receive a prescription. You can save more than fifty percent if you go online.
Save money and get a better selection when it comes to cheap spectacles – this seems like a no-brainer. Why would you go anywhere else when you can get the same for less and have the glasses delivered right to your door?
If you are looking to save money on eyewear, chances are you need some Cheap Spectacles. You can purchase Cheap Glasses by going online to Save On Specs.
Here is the link to the Reader’s Digest article: www.rd.com These websites can afford to sell these glasses for less because they don’t have to pay overhead, rent space, and are selling larger volume than smaller store fronts. Here is a good picture of what measurements for glasses you will have to be familiar with. i479.photobucket.com Here is the Zenni Optical homepage: www.zennioptical.com I will have more information on why I am buying all these glasses later…
10 Tips For Selling Your House Privately – You Will Sell If You Follow These
Aug 25th
10 Tips For Selling Your House Privately – You Will Sell If You Follow These
Have you thought about selling your house privately but have been too scared? Don’t despair, its a lot easier than you think and you will save thousands of dollars in realtor fees. The secret is to follow a proven sales plan, one that has worked for thousands of others in the same situation as you.
And the good news is you don’t have to drop your price to achieve a quick sale.
Pricing: Successfully selling your house privately in a depressed real estate market is not about dropping the price. Don’t fall into this trap you can still get the best market value with a quick sale. In fact lowering your asking price can actually do you more harm than good. Many realtors use this technique on you thinking they can get a quick sale. Remember they only need to sell one house a week and they don’t care which one or what price it sells for, where as you have to sell your house and for the best possible amount.
To be successful you need to ensure your house STANDS OUT from the competition, this will help generate maximum exposure. Then keep prospects focused on your home whilst getting them to disqualify other properties in your area.
Advertising: One of the biggest traps people fall into, especially those of you who are selling your house privately is; Advertising the same way as everyone else (realtors). According to USA Today there are over 7 million houses for sale – it’s important to do things differently to ensure your house stands out from the crowd. Isn’t it time to stop wasting your money on advertisements and methods that have not got your realtor results. Remember, nothing will change unless you change to way you do it.
Internet marketing is great but not the only or best form of advertising for your home, it can also be expensive if you are not careful. One specifically worded ad in the local, even national newspaper will get your phone ringing. Back this up with another (free) ad on the internet and you will get results faster than the traditional way. The secret is in how you word your ads. With a little bit of research and practice you can write an ad that can stimulate CURIOSITY about your property, and compel a buyer to instantly respond to you by email or phone, even if you have never written an ad before.
It doesn’t matter if you don’t know a thing about real estate, you are young or old, male or female selling your house privately for a good price is not difficult. You will need to do some homework to find the right advice and/or publication that can assist you, but the time invested will get you results and potentially save you thousands of dollars.
For further information to assist you in writing ads and great tips on selling your house privately, you can visit:
http://howtosellyourproperty.com